Difference between revisions of "Learn Ruby Programming"
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(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 156: | Line 156: | ||
* Boolean operators | * Boolean operators | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
− | && | + | && AND |
+ | || OR | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Line 179: | Line 180: | ||
* Data type conversion | * Data type conversion | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
− | c = 13 | + | > c = 13 |
− | print c.to_f/4 | + | > print c.to_f/4 # to_f to convert to floating |
3.25=>nil | 3.25=>nil | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Line 186: | Line 187: | ||
* Constant | * Constant | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
− | Pi = 3.14 | + | > Pi = 3.14 # Initcap the variable |
− | print Pi | + | > print Pi |
3.14=> nil | 3.14=> nil | ||
− | Pi = 3 | + | > Pi = 3 |
warning: already initialized constant Pi | warning: already initialized constant Pi | ||
− | print Pi | + | > print Pi |
3=> nil # Just a warning, the value is actually changed. | 3=> nil # Just a warning, the value is actually changed. | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
+ | * Multi-line string variable | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | > message = <<mark # mark can be any words | ||
+ | Hello | ||
+ | World! | ||
+ | Yes | ||
+ | mark | ||
+ | => "Hello\nWorld!\nYes\n" | ||
+ | |||
+ | > print message | ||
+ | Hello | ||
+ | World! | ||
+ | Yes | ||
+ | => nil | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Interpolation | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | > a = 4 | ||
+ | > b = 6 | ||
+ | > puts "#{a} * #{b} = #{a*b}" | ||
+ | 4 * 6 = 24 | ||
+ | => nil | ||
+ | |||
+ | > text = "World" | ||
+ | > puts "Hello #{text}" | ||
+ | Hello World | ||
+ | => nil | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Substitution / Regular Expression | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | > puts "Hello World".sub("World","Ocean") | ||
+ | Hello Ocean | ||
+ | |||
+ | > puts "Hello World World".sub("World","Ocean") # Only the first instance | ||
+ | Hello Ocean World | ||
+ | |||
+ | > puts "Hello World World".gsub("World","Ocean") # Use global sub | ||
+ | Hello Ocean Ocean | ||
+ | |||
+ | > puts "Hello World".sub(/H[a-z]*/,"Hi") | ||
+ | Hi World | ||
+ | |||
+ | > a = "Hello World" | ||
+ | > a.scan(/.../) {|x| puts x} | ||
+ | Hel | ||
+ | lo | ||
+ | Wor | ||
+ | |||
+ | > x = "Hello 300 world 2012" | ||
+ | > x.scan(/\d+/) {|z| puts z} # Extract numbers | ||
+ | 300 | ||
+ | 2012 | ||
+ | |||
+ | > "Hello World".scan(/[ol]/) {|x| puts x} # Character class | ||
+ | l | ||
+ | l | ||
+ | o | ||
+ | o | ||
+ | l | ||
+ | |||
+ | > "Hello World".scan(/[a-f]/) {|x| puts x} # Range of characters | ||
+ | e | ||
+ | d | ||
+ | |||
+ | > puts "Found number" if "Hello World2" =~ /[0-9]/ | ||
+ | Found number | ||
+ | |||
+ | > puts "Found character" if "662-892-55g5".match(/[a-z|A-Z]/) | ||
+ | Found character | ||
+ | |||
+ | </pre> | ||
[[Category:Learn_Ruby]] | [[Category:Learn_Ruby]] |
Latest revision as of 12:22, 23 February 2012
- Need IRB (Interactive Ruby)
- Simple commands
irb(main):022:0> 2 + 4 => 6 irb(main):023:0> print "Hello World" Hello World=> nil irb(main):024:0> 3.times do print "Yeah" end YeahYeahYeah=> 3 irb(main):027:0> 7/3 => 2 irb(main):028:0> 7.0/3 => 2.3333333333333335
- Variable
irb(main):025:0> x = 12 => 12 irb(main):026:0> x + 13 => 25 Variable is case-sensitive. M = 29 M * Shortcuts g += 1 M *= 4
- Object Oriented - Class
irb(main):029:0> class Vehicle irb(main):030:1> attr_accessor :name, :type, :make, :model irb(main):031:1> end => nil
- Object Oriented - Instantiation - Creating an Object
irb(main):039:0> my_vehicle = Vehicle.new => #<Vehicle:0x29583c0> irb(main):040:0> my_vehicle.name = "Work Car" => "Work Car" irb(main):041:0> my_vehicle.make = "Honda" => "Honda" irb(main):045:0> puts my_vehicle.name + " is " + my_vehicle.make Work Car is Honda => nil
- Object Oriented - Inheritance
irb(main):051:0* class Bus < Vehicle irb(main):052:1> attr_accessor :num_seats irb(main):053:1> end => nil irb(main):054:0> my_bus = Bus.new => #<Bus:0x282fd50> irb(main):055:0> my_bus.make = "GMC" => "GMC" irb(main):056:0> my_bus.num_seats = 30 => 30
- Object Oriented - Method
irb(main):092:0> class Bus < Vehicle irb(main):093:1> def show_make irb(main):094:2> puts "Make: " + make irb(main):095:2> end irb(main):096:1> end => nil irb(main):097:0> my_bus.show_make Make: GMC => nil
- Object Oriented - What class does an object come from?
irb(main):068:0* my_bus.class => Bus irb(main):069:0> 36.class => Fixnum "Hello".class
- Object Oriented - Kernel Methods - No need to prefix it with Kernel.
irb(main):074:0> puts "Hello" Hello => nil irb(main):075:0> Kernel.puts "Hello" Hello => nil
- Arguments
puts("hello") same as puts "hello" * String "Hello".length "Hello".reverse "Hello".upcase "Hello".reverse.upcase # concatenation
- Function or Method without Class
def display_hello puts "Hello" end display_hello
- Conditions or decision making
puts "hello" if M < 20
- Comparison operators
== < > <= >= !=
- Boolean operators
&& AND || OR
- Loop
8.times do puts "Hello" end 8.times {puts "Hello"} 3.upto(7) {puts "Hello"} # 5 loops 14.downto(9) {puts "Hello"} # 6 loops 1.step(9,2) {puts "Hello"} # 5 loops
- Extract the loop count number
1.upto(10) {|c| puts c}
- Data type conversion
> c = 13 > print c.to_f/4 # to_f to convert to floating 3.25=>nil
- Constant
> Pi = 3.14 # Initcap the variable > print Pi 3.14=> nil > Pi = 3 warning: already initialized constant Pi > print Pi 3=> nil # Just a warning, the value is actually changed.
- Multi-line string variable
> message = <<mark # mark can be any words Hello World! Yes mark => "Hello\nWorld!\nYes\n" > print message Hello World! Yes => nil
- Interpolation
> a = 4 > b = 6 > puts "#{a} * #{b} = #{a*b}" 4 * 6 = 24 => nil > text = "World" > puts "Hello #{text}" Hello World => nil
- Substitution / Regular Expression
> puts "Hello World".sub("World","Ocean") Hello Ocean > puts "Hello World World".sub("World","Ocean") # Only the first instance Hello Ocean World > puts "Hello World World".gsub("World","Ocean") # Use global sub Hello Ocean Ocean > puts "Hello World".sub(/H[a-z]*/,"Hi") Hi World > a = "Hello World" > a.scan(/.../) {|x| puts x} Hel lo Wor > x = "Hello 300 world 2012" > x.scan(/\d+/) {|z| puts z} # Extract numbers 300 2012 > "Hello World".scan(/[ol]/) {|x| puts x} # Character class l l o o l > "Hello World".scan(/[a-f]/) {|x| puts x} # Range of characters e d > puts "Found number" if "Hello World2" =~ /[0-9]/ Found number > puts "Found character" if "662-892-55g5".match(/[a-z|A-Z]/) Found character